复旦大学外文系 张雪波
Part Ⅰ
Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example:You will hear:
M: When shall we start our work, Jane?
W: Tomorrow at 9 o’clock. But we must work quickly, for we have to finish everything before 2 in the afternoon.
Q: For how long can they work?
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer ［A］ ［B］［C］ [CD2][KG-1*4/5]［D］
1. A) Buy something in the Bill supermarket.
B) Get money to pay her bill.
C) Check to see whether he can pay in cash.
D) Get a check for the woman.
2. A) At class. B) Back at home.
C) At work. D) In hospital.
3. A) She will help him.
B) She finished hers two days ago.
C) She completed her work very quickly.
D) She is still doing the project.
4. A) Angry. B) Hungry.
C) Tired. D) Dissatisfied.
5. A) It is not theirs.
B) It has some problems.
C) It is out of warranty.
D) It was stolen.
6. A) She doesn’t like picnic.
B) It will be too hot.
C) She will have an exam next week.
D) The biology class will go to the beach next week.
7. A) It does not concern John.
B) John does not care about his car.
C) John will help him fix the car.
D) He wants John to fix the car.
8. A) 20 miles. B) 6 miles.
C) 14 miles. D) 26 miles.
9. A) It’s time to urge him to study math.
B) He himself should make the decision.
C) They should help him study math.
D) They should leave right now.
10.A) It has been published.
B) It has been thrown out as junk.
C) It has been deleted from the computer.
D) The woman cannot get it any longer.
Section B
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage:
11.A) Soil. B) Human population.
C) Forest. D) Water.
12.A) By using satellite images, maps, etc.
B) By studying specific farming methods.
C) By studying the variation of human population.
D) By analyzing the quality of crops.
13.A) By forcing them farming.
B) By affecting the quality of soils.
C) By adding chemicals and pollute the waterways.
D) By affecting the environments they live in.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage:
14.A) To estimate the extreme weather.
B) To develop the satellite technology.
C) To improve agricultural output.
D) To learn how to change information to maps more efficiently.
15.A) By turning the intensity of sunshine into maps.
B) By analyzing the recent weather report.
C) By capturing the microwave radiation from the soil.
D) By analyzing information provided by ground observation centers.
16.A) Acquire information from satellites more efficiently.
B) To realize full coverage of area the satellite passes over.
C) Building more ground observation centers.
D) Compare satellites information with those from ground.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage:
17.A) Call on people to protect sharks.
B) Point out the living environment of sharks.
C) Explain why the sharks are dangerous.
D) An introduction to sharks.
18.A)By good sense of water waves made by quarries.
B)By good sense of smell and electrical magnetic power.
C)By good sense of light.
D)By good sense of blood.
19.A) Bone structure.
B) Smell ability.
C) Birth mode.
D) Recover ability against disease.
20.A) Their tasty meat.
B) The principle of their defense system against disease.
C) Their solid skin.
D) The principle of their birth modes.
Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They report that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.
In 1963 the fresh water lake covered twenty-five-thousand-square kilometers.Now the lake is only about five percent of that size.It measures only about one-thousand-three-hundred square kilometers in the dry season.
Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley are water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.They reported about Lake Chad in the Journal of Geophysical Research.They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years.This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land.These irrigation systems further decrease the lake.
Mister Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area’s recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At that time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. The study showed the increased irrigation reduced the flow in the two rivers. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. Today the flow of the two rivers has been reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continue to increase.
21.What is this passage mainly about?
A) Demonstrating the serious weather condition around Lake Chad.
B) Introducing people’s activity around Lake Chad.
C) Analyzing of the factors that cause water decreases in Lake Chad.
D) Introducing scientists’ work about water condition in Lake Chad.
22.What did people do to solve the problem of rain lack around Chad Lake?
A) They moved out of this area.
B) They drew water from Lake Chad.
C) They carried water from other areas.
D) They utilize seawater near this area.
23.Which of the following is true according to this passage?
A) Chad Lake located in the middle of Chad in northern Africa.
B) The water from Chad water can now only be used for irrigation.
C) The area around Chad Lake has suffered from heavy rain lack many decades.
D) Population around the Chad Lake now begins to decrease due to water lack.
24.Why computer data become imprecise in 1980s?
A) The related programs on the computer were out of date.
B) More and more people drew water directly from the lake for drink.
C) A heavy rain happened around 1980.
D) The irrigation from the source water increases.
25. What is scientists’ attitude towards the future of Chad Lake?
A) Pessimism. B) Hopeful.
C) Indifferent. D) Doubtful.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Scientists have long believed one way to stop the Earth’s atmosphere from warming is by planting more trees.The idea is that more trees will take in or absorb some of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Carbon dioxide is a gas released by cars,factories and other human activities.The gas traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere,which warms the planet.However,two new studies have found that trees may not be as helpful in reducing carbon dioxide as had been thought.
The first study was done at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Researchers pumped extra carbon dioxide into a test area where pine trees were growing. The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years. However, in time, the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate. The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients, such as nitrogen.
In the second study, researchers from Duke and Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine examined the soil around trees. They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil, all the carbon was not trapped in the soil. Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
The findings of the two studies were published last month in Nature magazine. They suggest there is limited value in planting trees to reduce the carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere.
Forest planting has been a part of negotiations on a world agreement to reduce greenhouse gases that scientists believe cause global warming. The United States, Canada, Japan and some other industrial countries have supported the idea. But this new research suggests the idea is not as effective as environmental activists had thought. Scientist Ram Oren of Duke University led the study on tree growth. He says that earlier estimates on the ability of forests to absorb carbon dioxide were overly hopeful.
Some scientists not involved in the studies say the research provides some of the first evidence on how trees react to carbon dioxide. Other scientists say the research disputes a belief among some coal and power companies. The companies say that rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will not create harmful global warming. Instead, they say it will increase forests and other plants.
26.What is the purpose of this passage?
A) Introduce some new ideas about the relationship between trees and carbon dioxide.B) Introduce recent condition of global industrial pollution.
C) Call on people to plant more trees to reduce greenhouse gases.
D) Point out that power companies should be responsible for the rising levels of carbon dioxide.
27. Why researchers put trees in extra carbon dioxide in the first study?
A) To learn whether trees can still absorb carbon dioxide under extreme conditions.
B) To get more oxygen from these trees.
C) To evaluate the maximum carbon dioxide that trees can absorb.
D) To see the growth rate of these trees.
28.What happened to the leaves falling from the trees in the second study?
A)They broke down and the main parts turned into oxygen.
B)They broke down and the carbon content had mainly turned into carbon dioxide.C)They broke down and the carbon content was mainly absorbed in the soil.
D)They absorbed more carbon dioxide.
29.Scientist Ram Oren is of the opinion that common beliefs of the tree’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide are____.
A) biased B) insightful
C) overoptimistic D) totally wrong
30.The word “it” (Line 7, Para.6) probably refers to ____.
A) carbon dioxide B) nitrogen
C) atmosphere D) coal
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
An American scientist has found that many images of dinosaurs may be wrong. For years, pictures of the ancient creatures have shown their nose openings near the top of the head. The new study suggests the dinosaurs’ nostrils were just above the mouth.
Dinosaurs used their nostrils to breathe,smell and control their body temperature.The new theory could help explain how the huge creatures were able to survive by using their sense of smell to find food,a mate and possible enemies.
Lawrence Witmer of Ohio University in Athens,Ohio led the study.The publication science reported his findings.
Many of the early dinosaur remains recovered by scientists were from huge creatures called sauropods. Scientists believed that sauropods must have lived in water because their bodies were so huge and their necks were so long.
Nostrils high on the head would have permitted the dinosaurs to breathe while partly under water. The discovery of a sauropod head bone in 1884 added support for this belief. The skull had a large hole at the top of the head.
Professor Witmer says experts learned years later that sauropods generally were not sea creatures. But he says the earlier theory about nostril position was extended to other dinosaurs.
Only dinosaur bones have survived as fossil remains. Scientists have never recovered dinosaur remains of soft tissue. Scientists interested in the physical appearance of dinosaurs often study birds and animals similar to the ancient creatures. Professor Witmer examined forty-five kinds of birds, crocodiles and lizards that are the closest living relatives to dinosaurs. He noted the placement of soft tissue through hundreds of x-ray images and by cutting pieces of tissue. Soft tissue leaves markings on bone. Professor Witmer used this information to make a map of the likely position of soft tissue in the dinosaurs’ noses. He found that the birds and reptiles he studied share a common nostril position.
Professor Witmer found that the hole scientists once thought was a nostril in dinosaurs is just one part of the larger nasal passage. He found that the nostrils were farther forward and closer to the mouth. He says this new nostril position was true for all dinosaurs.
31.Where is this article likely to be excerpted from?
A) Biology textbook. B) Scientific report.
C) Science fiction. D) Essay.
32.One advantage with Nostrils high on the head is to ____.
A) use sense of smell more efficiently
B) help them move fast and alert
C) enable them to find more food
D) help them live under water more easily
33.Which of the following may not be a reason why Professor Witmer studies crocodiles and lizards in his experiments?
A) They are close relatives to dinosaurs.
B) Their soft tissues survive as fossil remains.
C) Their soft tissues have similar traits with dinosaurs.
D) He cannot find living dinosaurs.
34.What does “this information” (in paragraph 7) refer to?
A) Soft tissues. B) Bone.
C) Markings. D) Nose.
35.The word “passage” (Line 2, Para.8) means____.
A) gate B) channel
C) cross D) paragraph
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Carbon dioxide makes up less than one percent of the Earth’s atmosphere. But the gas is very important to life on Earth. Scientists are finding that processes involving carbon dioxide affect our climate in ways that are difficult to understand. Last month, a committee of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington released a report. It confirmed that world temperatures increased about six-tenths of a degree Celsius in the last one hundred years. The report also confirmed evidence that the level of carbon dioxide is increasing.
The best information about climate in the past comes from tests of ice many kilometers deep in Antarctica and Greenland. The tests show changes in temperature during the past four-hundred-thousand years. These tests show that levels of carbon dioxide today are the highest ever measured. These findings have led scientists to believe that carbon dioxide is a major cause of climate warming.
Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when fuel is burned. Oil, coal and wood are all fuels that release the gas. When biological waste breaks down, it also releases carbon dioxide.
However, plants use carbon dioxide in the process called photosynthesis. This process provides food for almost all life on Earth. Some groups that support burning oil and coal want to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They oppose international efforts to control carbon dioxide.
Some scientists believe that forests and trees are able to capture large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. Some groups even suggest that an increase in carbon dioxide could cause plants to grow faster.
A recent study in North Carolina found that more carbon dioxide in the air could cause trees to grow faster. But the researchers found the effect appears to last for only three years. Another study showed that much of the carbon dioxide that is taken in by trees is released within three years. The study noted that leaves release carbon dioxide when they fall from trees and break down in the soil. Plants also naturally release carbon dioxide through the process of respiration.
The natural balance of gases in the atmosphere is a complex scientific issue. The debate over carbon dioxide is only one part of efforts to understand world climate change.
36.Which one is NOT mentioned in this passage that can be the source of carbon dioxide?A) Oil. B) Trees.
C) Wood. D) Soil.
37.The committee report of National Academy of Sciences in Washington reveal that____.
A) ice from Antarctica and Greenland is appropriate to show the change
B) carbon dioxide is released mainly from the fuel
C) level of carbon dioxide increases with global temperatures
D) carbon dioxide is helpful for tree growth
38.According to this passage, those people disagree with the control of carbon dioxide because____.
A) they think that carbon is beneficial for plant growth
B) they want to use more fuels that can emit carbon dioxide
C) they think carbon dioxide is not the main reason for global warming
D) they think it will destroy the natural balance of gases in the world
39.The word “issue” in the last paragraph can be replaced as ____.
A) organ B) topic
C) publication D) result
40.Those studies carried out in North Carolina suggest that ____.
A) trees’ function for absorbing carbon dioxide is limited
B) carbon dioxide is the main cause for global warming
C) leaves falling from trees can emit more oxygen
D) more carbon dioxide is beneficial for trees’ growth for many decades
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked. A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
41.In the ____ of my doctor, I should be well enough to travel by next week.
A) opinion B) conviction
C) judgment D) idea
42.She ____ her wedding presents on the table.
A) presented B) displayed
C) exhibited D) demonstrated
43.Contrary to my expectations, the experiment ended ____ failure.
A) at B) to
C) in D) till
44.These machines all look much the same, but each has its ____ function.
A) extraordinary B) special
C) peculiar D) exceptional
45. It took a week of investigation to get a reasonably ____ account of the accident.
A) accurate B) precise
C) strict D) positive
46.After seven years’ work, Chinese scientists ____ the task of launching their country’s first spaceship in seven years.
A) achieve B) accomplish
C) fulfill D) complete
47.The little boy ____ at the funny-looking man for a few minutes before answering his question.
A) glared B) stared
C) gazed D) gaped
48.The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country,while six〖CD#2*2〗libraries specially serve the countryside.
A) mobile B) shifting
C) drifting D) rotating
49.These young people’s ____ to the City Council is considered brilliant.
A) proposal B) plan C) plot D) scheme
50.The knife is a strong piece of ____ against the defendant.
A) proof B) clue
C) indication D) evidence
51.She was overwhelmed with ____ and couldn’t speak for a moment.
A) feeling B) sensitivity
C) emotion D) reason
52.Before he sank into unconsciousness, he ____ towards the window and managed to open it.
A) fought B) struggled
C) walked D) dragged
53.In spite of all effort the doctors had done, her burns refuse to ____.
A) heal B) revive C) recover D) survive
54.Although somehow abstract, the article is full of biblical and historical ____.
A) illusion B) allusion
C) accountants D) literarcy
55.We told him to prepare for the coming cold wave, but he simply ____ our advice.A) scorn B) neglect C) deny D) ignore
56.Although thrift all his life, the man left the____ fortune to his son.
A) huge B) immense
C) magnificent D) rich
57.The old building is in a good state of ____ except for the wooden floors.
A) observation B) preservation
C) conservation D) compensation
58.The council was asked to ____ the engineer’s estimates for the coming year.A) answer B) approve
C) confirm D) converge
59.Is that a(n)____Roman statue, or a modern copy?
A) authentic B) true
C) legitimate D) authorized
60.Babies begin to be ____ sounds three months after they are born.
A) responsible for B) retort to
C) responsive to D) reply
61.The world’s governments have done____ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.
A) inherently B) vitally
C) virtually D) identically
62.We were warned that even a slight ____ in calculation might ruin the whole project.A) mistake B) fault
C) flaw D) error
63.The patient is in a critical state. He doesn’t ____pulling through this time.A) bear B) have time
C) stand any chance of D) desire
64.It is too noisy in the room, we had to use ____ to get those trouble makers out of the place.
A) force B) power
C) vigor D) strength
65.Parents often faced the ____ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
A) junction B) premise
C) paradox D) dilemma
66.I have got an exam tomorrow, so for ____ reasons I won’t go out tonight.
A) direct B) plain
C) unknown D) obscure
67.The driver responsible for the accident was ____ punished.
A) seriously B) totally
C) severely D) clearly
68.My parents died young, but I have done well in this repect ____ my other ancestors.A) to B) for
C) as regards D) with
69.The man was sitting on the floor shivering with ____; a bullet had been fired through the window.
A) severity B) fear
C) terror D) excitement
70.The person who ____ this type of research deserves our praise.
A) originated B) manufactured
C) generated D) estimated
Part Ⅳ
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
The Environmental Protection Agency has set limits for the radiation permitted to leak from a proposed nuclear waste burial center in the state of Nevada. The action will help decided whether the federal government can build the nuclear waste dump at Yucca Mountain.
The dump would be used to bury about seventy-thousand tons of nuclear waste. The waste includes use nuclear fuel from power centers and waste from the production of nuclear weapons. The waste is now stored at power center around the country.
Yucca Mountain is owned by the federal government. No one lives there. It is in a extremely dry area more than one-hundred-forty-five kilometers northwest of Las Vegas.
The administration of President Bush believes a nuclear waste dump should develop there. It says this dump is needed to permit an decrease in nuclear power centers. Federal officials supports more use of nuclear power because of the nation’s energy problems. But Nevada state officials strongly reprove the plan. The dispute about Yucca Mountain has continued for almost twenty years.
The Environmental Protection Agency recently establish radiation limits for groundwater, air and soil near Yucca Mountain. Both sides claimed that the agency ruling helped their cause. Department of Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham says his agency can meet the new requirement. Mister Abraham says the government may continue with the project by the end of the year.
1. time __2. __3. the __
71.____
72.____
73.____
74.____
75.____
76.____
77.____
78.____
79.____
80.____
Part Ⅴ
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Choosing the Right Career.[WTBX] You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.选择适合自己的职业的重要性
2.如何选择适合自己的职业
3.我的看法
答案部分
听力原文
Section A
1. W: Did you say you were driving to the town this morning?
M: Yes, I had to get a check cashed to pay my supermarket bill.
Q: What did the man do in the town?
2. W: Will John be coming to class this afternoon?
M: He’s supposed to. But actually he cannot come out from the hospital until next week as the doctor has said.
Q: Where is John now?
3. W: I do not think you can finish your computer project in less than a week.
M: Linda got it made in just two days.
Q: What does the man say about Linda?
4. W: It’s almost 11 o’clock; why not leave that math work till tomorrow?
M: Good idea, I am beat.
Q: What is the man’s attitude towards this work?
5. W: Ah, is this TV still on the warranty?
M: It should be since I bought it only two months ago.
Q: What happened on this TV set?
6. M: Mary, let’s go to the beach and have a picnic this weekend.
W: I’m afraid not now. The biology class will have midterm test next week.
Q: Why can’t Mary agree with the man?
7. W: John thinks that you should not fix your car yourself.
M: Why should he care? It’s not his car.
Q: What does the man imply?
8. W: Hi, Bill. You are so late. The meeting has already started.
M: Oh, I originally thought I knew the way well enough. I drove 20 miles one way, then 6 another before I got here.
Q: What is the distance should Bill drive to attend the meeting?
9. W: Do you think we should urge Tom to study math?
M: Oh, we should leave that decision up to him.
Q: What does the man mean?
10.W: Sorry, Bob. I didn’t know your report was in that stack of papers.
M: Don’t worry. Fortunately I have a copy on my computer.
Q: What has happened to Bob’s work?
Section B
Passage One
Experts say some farming activities are seriously damaging Earth’s environment. Bad farming methods can damage soil, forests and water supplies. They also have caused some plants and animals to disappear.
Two groups now say that bad farming methods are threatening the ability of farmers to produce enough food to feed the world population in the future.
The groups used satellite images, maps and modern equipment to study the effect of agriculture on the environment. The study found that the destruction of soil is widespread. Important organic nutrients are being removed from farmland.
Agriculture uses seventy percent of the freshwater in the world each year. The study found that many farmers are wasting water supplies. In addition, chemicals designed to protect crops may pollute waterways.
The report also says as much as thirty percent of the world’s forests have been cut down so the land could be used for agriculture. This has led to a severe loss of wildlife and their environments.
11.Which is not mentioned in the passage as an aspect that farming activities are damaging?
12. How can the group carry out their studies?
13. According to this passage, why the farming activities can affect the animals?
Passage Two
American scientists are developing maps that can identify areas of future flooding. The maps also may help scientists estimate the possibility of extremely dry weather and severe storms.
Tom Jackson of the United States Department of Agriculture prepared the map after the April flood. He used information provided by satellites in Earth orbit.
The maps are produced from dish receivers on the satellites. Each dish receiver measures the wetness of the soil by capturing the natural release of microwave radiation from the soil. The receivers turn rapidly. This provides complete coverage of each area the satellite passes over.
Mr. Jackson and other scientists have tested Aqua’s equipment in airplanes and satellites flying over several states. The scientists used the tests to develop ways to change the information gathered into maps.
Mr. Jackson now plans to compare the microwave dish receiver findings with information from tests on Earth’s soil. He will use instruments at Agricultural Research Service centers in four states. He also will study information provided by forty ground observation centers across the country.
14. Why American scientists are developing these maps?
15. How can the satellites catch the information about the soil?
16. What is the future work planned to do?
Passage Three
Scientists say sharks have lived in the world’s oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than three-hundred-fifty different kinds of sharks.
Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some tiger sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow’s foot and metal protective clothing.
About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do.
Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases.
17. What is this passage mainly about?
18. How can sharks find their quarries?
19. In which point some sharks are similar with humans?
20. Why sharks are useful for humans?
答案与详解
Part Ⅰ
Section A
1.【答案】B。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】从对话中可以看出去城镇的目的是为了兑现账单。
2.【答案】D。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】由于不能出院而不能上课因此现在应在医院里。
3.【答案】C。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】该男士以Linda为例反驳称自己可以完成任务, 故突出了Linda完成之快。
4.【答案】C。
【试题分析】判断推理题。
【详细解答】关键词汇: I’m beat；表示该男士听从了建议,准备睡觉了。因此对应态度应为tired。
5.【答案】B。
【试题分析】判断推理题。
【详细解答】该男士问的是有没有过保修期,可以推断出这台电视未出现被偷等情况而可能出现了毛病。关键词汇: on warranty。
6.【答案】C。
【试题分析】因果关系题。
【详细解答】注意到女方回答是not now.因此A)错误。眼下不行的原因是下星期会有考试，因此C)为正确答案。
7.【答案】A。
【试题分析】观点态度题。
【详细解答】注意到男方回答语气。前半句回答为疑问，已表示他不同意John的观点.从后半句更能看出他的态度，因此A)为正确答案。
8.【答案】C。
【试题分析】距离数字题。
【详细解答】注意到one way指一个方向，从回答中可以看出他先开了20英里后折回6英里，因此实际上只要开14英里即可到达目的地。
9.【答案】B。
【试题分析】判断推理题。
【详细解答】关键词组leave up to把…留给某人（做决定）.因此该男士认为应由Tom自己决定是否学习数学，选项B)正确。
10.【答案】B。
【试题分析】语气推断题。
【详细解答】从该男士的回答中可以看出他发给女士的那一份已经丢失,因此B)选项正确。
Section B
Passage One
内容概要:
本文讨论的主题是农业行为对地球环境的危害性。作者分别从土壤，森林，水资源，动植物方面简要阐述了农业行为造成的有害影响。
11.【答案】B。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】从文章中看出有土壤，森林，水资源，动植物等方面，而没提及对人口造成的影响。
12.【答案】A。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】相关句子:“ The groups used satellite images, maps and modern equipment to study the effect of agriculture on the environment.”而其余选项在文中均没具体提及。
13.【答案】D。
【试题分析】事实推断题。
【详细解答】相关句子:“ The report also says as much as thirty percent of the world’s forests have been cut down so the land could be used for agriculture. This has led to a severe loss of wildlife and their environments.”可见由于对居住环境的影响导致了动物的减少，因此D)选项正确。
Passage Two
内容概要:
本文略述Tom Jackson等美国科学家正进行通过制图预报洪水灾害的工作。主要讲述了通过卫星制图的原理以及将它和地面制图比较的情况。
14.【答案】A。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】相关句子: “The maps also may help scientists estimate the possibility of extremely dry weather and severe storms. ”可见研究的目的在于预报天气灾害。
15.【答案】C。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】相关句子: “Each dish receiver measures the wetness of the soil by capturing the natural release of microwave radiation from the soil.”因此是通过检测土壤微波辐射的方式。
16.【答案】D。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】相关句子: “ Mr. Jackson now plans to compare the microwave dish receiver findings with information from tests on Earth’s soil.” A), B), C)均不是未来的工作目标。
Passage Three
内容概要:
本文介绍了鲨鱼的一些生活习性，依次论述了它的身体特征，捕食方法，繁殖方式和对疾病的抵抗性等。
17.【答案】D。
【试题分析】主题题。
【详细解答】本文是围绕着鲨鱼的生活习性展开.A),C)与本文无关，B)只指出了一方面。
18.【答案】B。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】相关句子: “Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food.”可以看出鲨鱼靠敏锐的嗅觉和电磁感觉来捕食猎物。
19.【答案】C。
【试题分析】细节考察题。
【详细解答】相关句子: “ Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do.”可以看出部分鲨鱼的生育方式与人类一样。
20.【答案】B。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】相关句子: “ Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense system against disease.”可以看出人类渴望通过研究鲨鱼的抗病机理以期对人类有帮助。
Part Ⅱ
Passage One
内容概要:
本文分析了北非乍得湖严重干枯的原因。这里既有自然因素，如缺乏降雨；也有人为因素，如抽水灌溉现象过于严重以及对水源的截取过多等.最后引用科学家的预测说乍得湖的情况将进一步恶化下去。
21.【答案】C。
【译文】本文分析导致乍得湖干枯的原因。
【试题分析】主题题。
【详细解答】A)只是文中提及的自然因素；文中提及people’s activity只是为了说明人为因素; 介绍科学家的工作也是为了分析原因。因此A),B),D)均为错误答案。
22.【答案】B。
【译文】生活在乍得湖区域的人们建造灌溉系统从湖中抽取水分来解决长期干旱问题。
【试题分析】细节推理题。
【详细解答】关键段落:“ This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the lake.”可见人们采取的方式是从湖中提取水分。而A)迁移出去;C)从其他地方运水;D)从海水中运水文中均未提及。
23.【答案】C。
【译文】乍得湖区域缺乏降雨的处境已持续几十年了。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】关键语句：“They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. ”因此C)选项正确。而因文中“Four nations surround Lake Chad.” A)错误; “He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops.” B)错误; “Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continue to increase.” D)错误。
24.【答案】D。
【译文】由于湖区的水源被抽取过多导致计算机数据在八十年代与实际不符。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】关键语句：“The researchers say major irrigation systems were built in the Nineteen-Eighties. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. The study showed the increased irrigation reduced the flow in the two rivers. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. Today the flow of the two rivers has been reduced by almost seventy-five percent.”可见一方面是湖区水源抽取过多,另一方面是天气情况变得恶劣，D)正确。A), C)在文中均未提及。B)不应是directly,且用于drink也不妥当。
25.【答案】A。
【译文】科学家对乍得湖区的前景持不乐观态度。
【试题分析】态度判断题。
【详细解答】关键语句: “Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continue to increase.”且从贯穿全文的语气可以看出不抱乐观态度。
Passage Two
内容概要:
本文介绍了树林与二氧化碳关系的新学说。一些科学家为此做了实验，结果证明树木对二氧化碳的吸收作用并没有人们想象的那么乐观，据此指出现在的一些做法与观点是错误的。
26.【答案】A。
【译文】本文主要介绍了一些科学家提出的关于树林与二氧化碳关系的新学说。
【试题分析】主题题。
【详细解答】B),D)均与本文无关；C)则由于实验显示树木吸收并不那么有效，因此从本文观点来看正好错误。
27.【答案】D。
【译文】研究者把树木放入过量二氧化碳的环境中研究树木相应的生长规律。
【试题分析】细节推理题。
【详细解答】关键语句：“The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years. However, in time, the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate. The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients, such as nitrogen.”可以看出是研究生长规律.A),B),C)均和本文无关。
28.【答案】B。
【译文】在第二个试验中落下的树叶分解后,包含的主要碳成分转化为二氧化碳。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】关键语句：“They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil, all the carbon was not trapped in the soil. Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.” 而A), C), D) 均错误。
29.【答案】C。
【译文】科学家Ram Oren认为大众对树叶作用的观点过于乐观。
【试题分析】态度判断题。
【详细解答】关键语句：“He says that earlier estimates on the ability of forests to absorb carbon dioxide were overly hopeful.”可见他认为普通观点过于乐观。
30.【答案】A。
【译文】对应段落里的 “it” 指二氧化碳。
【试题分析】词意判断题。
【详细解答】关键语句：“The companies say that rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will not create harmful global warming. Instead, they say it will increase forests and other plants.” 可见应是二氧化碳.其余选项与本段无关。
Passage Three
内容概要:
本篇文章报道了一个新的科学观点,即恐龙鼻孔应紧贴嘴巴上方。文章简要介绍了以前的老观点(认为鼻孔高居头上)，并阐明了新观点的提出人Professor Witmer的研究方法和科研成果。
31.【答案】B。
【译文】本篇文章更像是一篇科学报道的一部分。
【试题分析】题材判别题。
【详细解答】可以看出C)科幻小说D)散文均不可能。而本文更像是一篇关于新发现的报道,因此B)正确。
32.【答案】D。
【译文】鼻孔高居头上可以使恐龙在水下生活的更自在。
【试题分析】细节推理题。
【详细解答】关键语句:“Nostrils high on the head would have permitted the dinosaurs to breathe while partly under water.” B),C)均与文章无关；A)应与新观点有关，可见文中所述“The new theory could help explain how the huge creatures were able to survive by using their sense of smell to find food, a mate and possible enemies.”
33.【答案】B。
【译文】Professor Witmer以鳄鱼和蜥蜴为实验研究对象并不是因为它们的软组织可以作为化石幸存下来。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】关键语句:“Scientists interested in the physical appearance of dinosaurs often study birds and animals similar to the ancient creatures. Professor Witmer examined forty-five kinds of birds, crocodiles and lizards that are the closest living relatives to dinosaurs.”可以看出A),C)正确，而D)显然正确;B)文中未提。
34.【答案】C。
【译文】句法分析题。
【试题分析】句中的“信息”应指代软组织留下的标记。
【详细解答】关键语句“Soft tissue leaves markings on bone. Professor Witmer used this information to make a map of the likely position of soft tissue in the dinosaurs’ noses.”可见应指代markings。
35.【答案】B。
【译文】词汇分析题。
【试题分析】“passage”应指channel(通道)。
【详细解答】A)gate(门) C)cross(十字路口) D) paragraph(段落)均不符合题意。
Passage Four
内容概要:
本文分析了二氧化碳以一些鲜为人知的方式导致气候变化，介绍了科学家所做的相关实验，具体方式，所持的各种观点，最后指出这是一个复杂的问题。
36.【答案】D。
【译文】在本文中土壤未被提及是二氧化碳的源头。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】可见第四段“Oil, coal and wood are all fuels that release the gas.”倒数第二段“The study noted that leaves release carbon dioxide when they fall from trees and break down in the soil. Plants also naturally release carbon dioxide through the process of respiration.”而土壤未被提及过。
37.【答案】C。
【译文】研究报告表明二氧化碳的浓度随着全球气温升高而增加。
【试题分析】客观事实题。
【详细解答】关键语句:“The tests show changes in temperature during the past four-hundred-thousand years. These tests show that levels of carbon dioxide today are the highest ever measured.”可见C)正确.A)是作实验的原料而不是分析结果.B),D)为下面的内容。
38.【答案】B。
【译文】反对控制二氧化碳的这些人目的在于燃烧更多能燃烧二氧化碳的原料。
【试题分析】事实推理题。
【详细解答】关键语句:“Some groups that support burning oil and coal want to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They oppose international efforts to control carbon dioxide.” C), D)在文中没提.而A)而在文中出现在:“Some groups even suggest that an increase in carbon dioxide could cause plants to grow faster.”可见至少不是动机。
39.【答案】B。
【译文】词义判析题。
【试题分析】最后一段的“issue”应指Topic。
【详细解答】根据后面的debate也可以看出这是一个科学论题。A)器官，C)刊物，D)结论，均不符合题意。
40.【答案】A。
【译文】事实分析题。
【试题分析】在北卡罗来那州的试验表明树木对二氧化碳的吸收作用是有限的。
【详细解答】关键语句:“A recent study in North Carolina found that more carbon dioxide in the air could cause trees to grow faster. But the researchers found the effect appears to last for only three years. Another study showed that much of the carbon dioxide that is taken in by trees is released within three years.”而C)应是放出二氧化碳;D)只有三年;B)是本文开头所做的试验。
Part Ⅲ
41.【答案】A。
【译文】医生认为到下个星期我就可以复原并且可以出去旅游了。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨出“观点”的细微差别,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】opinion指观点；conviction多指坚信;judgment指判断；idea多指思想且只有opinion可以有in opinion of 的用法。
42.【答案】B。
【译文】她把结婚礼物放在桌上给大家看。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨出“展览”的细微差别,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】present常指敬献,如出品电影；display多指展示给别人看;exhibit多指展览，如在博物馆里展览;demonstrate多指表明个人观点,也指示威，游行。
43.【答案】C。
【译文】出乎我的意料之外，这次试验以失败而告终。
【试题分析】词语搭配题,要求考生能分辨end in 的词语搭配,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】end in固定搭配指以…而告终.其余选项均不符合题意。
44.【答案】B。
【译文】虽然这些机器看起来几乎都一样，其实每台都有它特定的功能。
【试题分析】词语搭配题,要求考生能分辨“独特”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】extraordinary, exceptional常指非凡的;special指独有的；peculiar指奇特罕见的。
45.【答案】A。
【译文】足足花了一个星期的时间调查，才得到一个对该事件准确合理的描述。
【试题分析】词语搭配题,要求考生能分辨“准确”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】accurate指一般的准确正确;precise指科学计算的准确精确;strict指要求上的严格,严厉；positive多指正面的,积极的。
46.【答案】B。
【译文】经过七年的努力，中国科学家终于将国家的第一艘宇宙飞船送上太空。
【试题分析】词语搭配题,要求考生能分辨“完成”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】achieve 多指达到目标理想；accomplish多指完成成就，特别指比较辉煌的成就.fulfill,complete指一般的完成，complete也指竣工。
47.【答案】B。
【译文】小男孩盯着这个长得很有趣的男人看，几分钟后才回答他的问题。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨“盯视”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】glare 多指怒视；stare指短时间盯人看，gaze指长时间瞪着人看，gape指目瞪口呆的盯着人看。
48.【答案】A。
【译文】该机构在全国共建了36个图书馆，而且专门有6个流动图书馆为乡村服务。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨“流动”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】mobile 多指移动，尤指具有移动特性的物品，如mobile library, moblie phone；shifting指轮流更替,如工作三班倒；drifting多指漂流; rotating指旋转不息。
49.【答案】A。
【译文】这些年轻人提交给市政当局的议案受到好评。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨“计划”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】proposal 多指正规正式的计划，如议案等;plan 指一般的计划;plot 多指阴谋，情节;scheme多指方案计划，如设计规划等。
50.【答案】D。
【译文】这把小刀成为指控嫌犯的强有力的证物之一。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨“证物”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】proof指一般的证据;clue 指线索如破案线索;indication指暗示;evidence指正式场合所用的证据，属于比较正式的词汇。
51.【答案】C。
【译文】她被情绪压倒，一时之间竟说不出话来。
【试题分析】词语辨析题,要求考生能分辨“情感”的一组词语辨析,并能正确使用。
【详细解答】feeling指一般的感情、感觉;sensitivity指多愁善感；emotion指情绪，多指感情；reason指理智、原因。
52.【答案】B。
【译文】在失去知觉以前，他挣扎着爬到窗口打开了窗户。
【试题分析】词语搭配题,要求考生能分辨出特定状况下用何种行走动词。
【详细解答】fought指一般的作战;struggled指挣扎等比较费力的动作;walked指一般的步行;dragged指拖拽.从本文看用挣扎对语境比较适合。
53.【答案】A。
【译文】尽管医生做了最大的努力，她的伤口还是无法复原。
【试题分析】词语搭配题。要求考生能分辨出用何种表示复原的动词。
【详细解答】heal 治愈，多指伤口治愈；revive指复活;recover多指苏醒复原(主语跟人)；survive指生存下来。
54.【答案】B。
【译文】尽管有点深奥，这篇文章却包含了许多圣经与历史故事。
【试题分析】词语搭配题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示描述的动词。
【详细解答】illusion幻觉;allusion表示暗指，提及到；accountants指会计;literarcy指识字的人。
55.【答案】D。
【译文】我们劝他为即将到来的寒流作准备，但他却不理会我们的建议。
【试题分析】词语搭配题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示忽视的动词。
【详细解答】scorn表示蔑视;neglect 表示无意间忽视;deny表示否认;ignore表示故意忽视.可见ignore符合题意。
56.【答案】A。
【译文】虽然一生节俭，他留了一大笔遗产给他的儿子 。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示巨大的词汇。
【详细解答】huge指一般的巨大;immense指空间上的巨大;magnificent指宏伟壮观;rich 指资源，富有。
57.【答案】B。
【译文】除了木质地板以外，这栋老建筑保存得很好。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示保养的词汇。
【详细解答】observation 表示观测;preservation表示保存如遗迹的保存;conservation指保护如环境保护;compensation指赔偿。
58.【答案】B。
【译文】委员会被要求批准工程师对下一年的计划预算。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示批准的词汇。
【详细解答】answer表示回答;approve表示批准;confirm表示证实;converge表示汇聚。
59.【答案】A。
【译文】那是一座真的罗马时代的塑像，还是一个现代模拟品?
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示真实的词汇。
【详细解答】authentic 表示是真的不是伪劣的;true表示真实的;legitimate表示合法的;authorized表示经过授权的。
60.【答案】C。
【译文】婴儿在出生三个月后开始对声音有反应。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示反应的词汇。
【详细解答】responsible for 表示对…负责;retort to 表示常去，求助于;responsive to 表示对…有反应;reply表示回复。
61.【答案】C。
【译文】实际上世界各国政府对如何应付核威胁方面几乎没采取任何措施。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种副词。
【详细解答】inherently 内在的；vitally生机勃勃的;virtually实际上；identically 一致的。
62.【答案】D。
【译文】我们被警告说即使是工程计算中的一个小错误也会毁掉整个计划。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种“错误”。
【详细解答】mistake 指一般错误;fault 指人犯的过错，过失；flaw指人和物的缺点，瑕疵;error指科学计算和工程上的小过失。
63.【答案】C。
【译文】病人处于危急状态,他似乎已不可能度过难关。
【试题分析】语境辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种词汇搭配。
【详细解答】stand a chance of 固定搭配,表示有…的机会.A)忍受B)有时间且后跟doing sth.; D)渴望均与原句意不符。
64.【答案】A。
【译文】房间里太吵了，我们得用武力把这些麻烦制造者赶出去。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种“力量”。
【详细解答】force表示强迫;power指力量如工业机器的能量,电量；vigor表示人的精力;strength表示人的力气。
65.【答案】D。
【译文】父母经常面对这种窘境，那就是做他们认为对孩子成长有益的事情呢，还是继续容忍孩子的无休止的吵闹和破坏。
【试题分析】语境辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种词汇搭配。
【详细解答】junction 表示连接；premise表示假设;paradox表示自相矛盾;dilemma表示窘境困境。
66.【答案】B。
【译文】我明天有考试，因此我今天晚上当然不会出去。
【试题分析】语境辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种词汇搭配。
【详细解答】direct直接；unknown 不知道；obscure表示费解晦涩的，plain表示直白的，只有plain reason比较恰当。
67.【答案】C。
【译文】闯祸的司机遭到了严厉的惩罚。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种“严重”词汇。
【详细解答】seriously 表示态度严肃的;totally 表示彻底完全的;severely表示程度严厉的;clearly表示清晰的。
68.【答案】C。
【译文】我的父母去世得早，但我的其它祖先寿命都不短。
【试题分析】语境辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种词汇搭配。
【详细解答】in this repect表示在…方面;A),B),D)仅在respect表示尊敬意思的时候才搭配使用。本题所考的内容与respect无太大关系。
69.【答案】B。
【译文】这个男人瘫坐在地板上，身体由于恐惧而发抖;一颗子弹刚从窗户穿过。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种情绪词汇。
【详细解答】severity 表示严重性;fear表示恐慌;terror表示恐怖;相比起来fear多用于修饰人的情绪;excitement表示激动，与原文不符。
70.【答案】A。
【译文】这种类型计划的创始人值得我们称赞。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。要求考生能分辨出在特定情况下用何种表示“制作”的词汇。
【详细解答】originate表示发起且由origin可推断出含有原创某种作品的意味;manufacture表示工业上制作；generate常用作产生指一般的产生；estimate指估计。
Part Ⅳ
71.decideddecide
help do something;这里不应该用过去式。
72.useused
used 表示用过的，use 是动词,而include的用法是include doing something。
73.centercenters
这里应该不止一个研究中心。
74.a an
因为后面跟的是e打头的extremely。
75.developbe developed
这里应该用被动式。
76.decreaseincrease
根据句意应该是允许不利的情况,因此应该是增长而不是减少。
77.supportssupport
因为前面跟的是复数名词。
78.reproveoppose
因为前面跟的是赞成，又有一个But，因此应该是反对oppose。
79.establishestablished
因为前面是recently因此应该是过去式。
80.requirementrequirements
因为要求肯定不止一个,因此应该用复数形式。
Part Ⅴ
参考范文：
Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we use them. Therefore, the most important thing is how to find which kind of career suits us most。
There are several ways which can help us in the career choice. First, we should know where our interest lies in. Then we can do some aptitude tests, interview with experts and study books in our field interest. Once we find something fit for us, we should try to do it whole heartedly.
As for me, I am interested in dealing with people and I want to find a place in personnel management or public relations. I am studying courses in these aspects now and I think I can fulfill my dream one day.
本套试卷测试语言重点
10个重点单词：
conviction: 深信、确信
legitimate: 合法的
inherently: 天生的 rotate:旋转
obscure: 模糊的、不起眼的 vigor: 活力
allusion: 暗指、间接提到 accurate: 精确的
estimate: 估计 compensation: 补偿
4个重点词组：
for fear that: 唯恐 resort to: 诉诸于
find fault with: 找茬、挑错 stand the chance of: 有……机会