第一部分：词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
She has been the subject of massive media coverage.
A) extensive B) negative
C) expensive D)active
标准答案：a
解析：根据搭配—“...媒体报道”判断A(大量的，广大的，广阔的)合适。而借助mass 的含义(n.块, 大多数, 质量, 群众, 大量adj.群众的, 大规模的, 集中的)也可猜测出massive的含义与“大量的”有关，这样也能判断答案。Negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的; expensive adj.昂贵的; active adj.积极的, 能起作用的。该句的含义是“她一直是许多媒体报道的对象。”
2、 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.
A) rejected B) investigated
C)proposed D)postponed
标准答案：b
解析：根据搭配--“...的可能性”判断B(调查，研究)最合适。Reject vt.拒绝, 抵制; propose
vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议; postpone vt.推迟, 使延期;该句的含义是“会议研究了进行更加紧密的贸易联系的可能性。”
3、 The committee comprises five persons.
A) absorbs B)concerns
A) excludes D)involves
标准答案：d
解 析： comprise v.包含, 由...组成; 该词和D(involve vt.包括) 是近义词。absorb vt.吸收, 吸引; concern vt.涉及, 关系到n.(利害)关系, 关心; exclude vt. 把...排除在外; 该句含义是“这个委员会是由5个人组成。”
4、 We derive knowledge mainly from books
A)deprive B) obtain
C) descend D)trace
标准答案：b
解 析：：根据句意(我们主要从书本上获得知识)判断B(获得)是答案。Deprive vt.剥夺, 使丧失; descend vi.下来, 下降; trace n.痕迹, 踪迹, 微量vt.描绘,追踪
5、 We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities.
A)dangerous B) doubtful
C)active D)easy
标准答案：c
解 析：该句含义是“我们都认为他是一个个性很活跃的人。”dynamic adj.动力的,动态的，生气勃勃的; active adj.积极的,现行的, 活动的, 活跃的;doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的; easy adj.容易的, 舒适的, 宽裕的, 从容的adv.不费力的, 轻松
6、 The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table
A)supplied B) gathered
C)grasped D)made
标准答案：a
解 析：根据划线词后的介词搭配(with)判断答案A。furnish..with..= supply/provide..with../给..提供..; gather n.集合, 聚集vi.集合, 聚集vt.使聚集; grasp
vt./ n.抓住,掌握, 领会;该句含义是“这个房间配备了最基本的物品：一张床，一把椅子，和一张桌子。”
7、 The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.
A)motivate B) combine
C)compact D)nominate
标准答案：b
解 析：借助句意(当地的政府决定把两家公司合并成一家公司)判断B((使)联合)是答案。Motivate v.激发; compact adj.紧凑的, 紧密的, 简洁的; nominate vt.提名, 推荐, 任命
.8、 He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.
A)favorable B) possible
C)formal D)genuine
标准答案：b
解 析：该句含义是“他强调要制定出一个能够被双方都接受的可行计划” 。
feasible adj.可行的, 切实可行的; favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的;genuine adj.真实的, 真正的
9、 When does the next train depart?
A)pull up B) pull down
C)pull out D)pull in
标准答案：c
解 析：分析：depart vi.离开, 起程， 该词和C是近义词。pull out v.拔出, 离开; pull up
v.拔起, 停下; pull down v.摧毁, ****, 使降低; pull in v.进站, 靠岸
10、 Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the clock.
A)adjusting B) evaluating
C)engaging D)managing
标准答案：d
解 析：分析：借助句意(因为管理着整个公司，他有时候得夜以继日地工作)判断D(管理)是答案。Evaluate vt.评价, 估计; adjust vt.调整, 调节, 校准; engage vt.使忙碌， 使从事于, 使参加 vi.答应, 从事
11、 The town is notable for its beautiful scenery in winter.
A)similar B) prompt
C)profound D)famous
标准答案：d
解 析： 借助句意(这座城市由于其在冬日里的美丽景色而出名)判断答案。Prompt adj.敏捷的, 迅速的, 即时的; profound adj.深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的。 Famous adj.著名的, 出名的; similar adj.相似的, 类似的
12、 He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines.
A)supervise B) watch
C)suspect D)predict
标准答案：a
解 析：借助搭配结构“…装配线的生产”判断A(监督，指导)是答案;oversee v.俯瞰, 检查, 视察; suspect v.怀疑, 猜想; predict v.预知, 预言, 预报
13、 He decided to overcome his shortcomings.
A)convert B) convict
C)conquer D)convey
标准答案：c
解 析：借助搭配结构“…缺点”判断C(克服)是答案。 Convict vt.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪; convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让; convert vt.使转变, 兑换…
14、 Soldiers have to obey orders.
A)reply to B) apply for
C)abide with D)comply with
标准答案：d
解 析：借助搭配结构“…命令”判断D(遵守)是答案。reply to v.回答; apply for请求, 申请; abide with sb.和某人住在一起。abide by v.坚持, 遵守
.15、 She wore a gorgeous Victorian gown which was said to be worth thousands of dollars.
A)beauty B) splendid
C)expensive D)simple
标准答案：b
解 析：分析：该句含义是“ 她穿着一件维多利亚时期的华丽的长袍，而这件长袍的价值据说是上千美圆。”。gorgeous在口语中常用，其含义是“华丽的, 灿烂的”，splendid (adj.壮丽的, 辉煌的, 极好的)是该词的近义词。Beauty n.美, 美景, 美好的东西; expensive adj.花费的, 昂贵的
二、匹配题:
第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Plants and Mankind
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
词汇解释：
botany;植物学
pyramid;金字塔
marvel;令人惊奇的事(人)，奇迹
1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2.People cannot survive without plants.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：A,A,B,B
解析：1. A 问题句说“‘关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久’这种说法是合乎逻辑的。”利用“detailed learning of plants and their properties(关于植物及其特征的详细知识)”作为答案线索短语，于是在文章第一段第2句话中发现含有该短语的句子。而在接下来的一句中发现“合乎逻辑的”这个问题句中的关键词。对比问题句和答案相关句，我们发现问题句是一个句子，而原文采用了2个句子。比较他们语意上的差异：原文中代词“This”回指上一句话中的陈述，即指代“关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久”。可见原文的说法与问题句的说法一致。所以该题是考察代词this的指代关系。
2.A 该题可用常识直接判断：人类没有植物就不能生存这种说法应该是正确的。而第1段虽然没有直接地讲到植物对于人类而言是极为重要的，但提到植物为人类提供了食物、衣服、工具、药物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基础。所以该题是考察考生的语句的总结能力。
3.B 利用“亚马逊丛林中的部落”作为答案线索词，于是在第一段结尾部分找到答案相关句。该句提到现今仍生活在亚马逊丛林中的部落能识别成百上千种植物及其特征，但在他们的词汇中还没有“植物学”这个词，甚至有可能不承认“植物学”是专门的知识。因此在学校中不可能设该课。
4.B 利用“工业化”作为答案线索词，于是在第二段第一句话发现答案相关句，该句说工业化的程度越高，我们与植物的直接接触就越少。
.5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：B,A,B
解 析：5.B 利用“botanical knowledge”作为答案线索词，于是我们在第二段的第2句找到答案相关句。但说人们无意识地获得了大量植物学知识，由此可以推出这些知识不是从教科书中获得的。
6.A 利用“10，000”作为答案线索词(因为年代通常是用数字表示)，于是在第二段发现有句子提到当生活在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些禾本植物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开了植物和人类联系的第1 大步。
7.B 该题从常识判断应该是不正确。而在第二段末尾讲从约一万年前开始从事农耕起，人们逐渐地停止采食野果，这是因为萌芽时期的农耕技术还十分落后，人们还不能从中获得足够的食物。
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Museums in the modern world
Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.
At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.
More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US., certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times.
The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US. and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.
In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.
1. paragraph 2 _________.
2. paragraph 3 _________.
3. paragraph 4 _________.
4. paragraph 5 _________.
A. causes of changes
B. increasing number of museums and visitors
C. museums getting closer to more spectators
D. movies shown in museums
E. new notions about the management of museums
F. places to visit
.标准答案：C,E,A,B
解 析：1. C. 分析：段落中主要的句子都是以“you(观众)”作为主语(中心)，因此确认段落中心—观众，并因此判断选项范围B和C(B和C中涉及到“观众”)，再利用排除法(并没有提到博物馆数量的增加)排除B。
2. E.分析：注意利用排除法(排除A：段落中没有谈到变化;排除B：段落中没有提到数量;排除D：太片面;排除F：F与段落中其他句子句意关系不大)判断答案E(E中的notions(观念)对应段首句中的“realize”(段首句就是观点句)).
3. A.分析：段首句中核心词的呼应是直接解题线索。
4. B.分析：段落中出现表示博物馆数量和观众数量的数字，并均呈现增加的趋势。
5. Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_______.
6. With the development of society, people, especially the young people, _____.
7. To meet the needs of society, more museums _____.
8. Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they ____.
A. have higher demands of museums
B. are open to more people with different social background
C. to lengthen their opening hours
D. charge too little for admission
E. have been built and open to public
F. by lowing the admission fees
标准答案：B,A,E,D
解析：5. B. 分析：直接根据搭配句意(现在博物馆不再局限于对有特权的少数人开放，而是对有着不同社会背景的更多数人开放)和语法结构， 判断答案。
6. A. 分析：直接根据搭配句意(随着社会的发展，人们，尤其是年轻人对博物馆有了更高的要求)和语法结构， 判断答案。
7. E. 分析：直接根据搭配句意(为了满足社会的需要，更多的博物馆已经被修建起来，对公众开放)和语法结构， 判断答案。
8. D. 分析：直接根据搭配句意(博物馆面临的两个主要问题是游客太多而它们门票收费太低)和语法结构， 判断答案。
第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
The Gene Industry
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls " metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water ". They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms.
Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of " microbe spills " that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate " inferior " people and breed a " super -race "? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate " unfit " babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a " savings bank " full of spare kidney, livers or hands?
Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? " Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created."
.1. According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by
A) using metal-hungry microbes .
B) making use of enzymes.
C) adjusting the engine.
D) patenting new life forms.
2. According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?
A) The unanticipated explosion of population
B) The creation of biological solar cells.
C) The accidental spill of oil.
D) The unexpected release of destructive microbes.
3. Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?
A) Developing a " savings bank " of one's organs.
B) Breeding soldiers for a war.
C) Producing people with cow-like stomachs.
D) Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.
4. According to the passage, Hitler attempted to
A) changed the pilots biologically to win the war.
B) develop genetic farming for food supply.
C) kill the people he thought of as inferior.
D) encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.
5. What dose Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard's statement imply?
A) The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.
B) American will depend on other countries for biological progress.
C) Americans are proud of their countries for biological progress.
D) The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.
标准答案：B,D,D,C,A
解析：1.B。该题问“根据文章来看，汽车发动机的尾气可能被什么检测到?”。我们可以先看看备选答案，这是因为这个问题较接近生活，所以可能可以直接借助常识进行推理判断。A说“用渴望吃金属的微生物”，B说“使用酶”， C说“调整发动机”， D说“给予新的生命形式专利权”。不难从常识判断C和D都不正确。再借助原文，利用答案线索词exhaust of a car engine/汽车发动机的尾气和 check/检测，不难在第1段的第2句中发现答案相关句。 该句说“他们梦想把酶放入汽车中去监控(汽车的)尾气并且向微机传送污染数据…”，依据此可判断B是正确的答案。
2.D.该题问“根据文章来看，下面哪一项会最让批评家担心?”。利用critics/批评家 和worry/担心作为答案查找线索词。于是在第2段的段首句中发现答案相关句，该句说“不安的批评家，包括许多科学家，担心..”。但该句并没说“最担心什么”，所以接着看随后的一句，该句说“他们想象的不是石油泄漏，而是可能传播疾病和毁坏人类的微生物的泄漏。”，所以D(未预料的具有破坏性的微生物的释放)是答案。
3.D.该题问“下面哪个术语没有被提到?”。因为第2题的答案在第2段，所以对于第3题我们从第3段开始看。对比备选答案项我们不难发现C在该段的段首句;该段的倒数第3句中有B;而该段的最后一句中含有A，所以D没有在原文中被提到。
4.C.该题问“根据文章来看，西特勒试图做什么?”。因为"Hitler/西特勒"是专有名词，容易在文章中查找，所以我们选定该词为答案线索词。于是我们在第3段的中间部分发现含有该词的句子，该句说“西特勒尝试了这个”，而“this/这个”是回指前面的内容，所以我们再看前面的一个句子，而该句说“我们能试图消除劣等人，而繁殖超强人种吗?”。再看备选答案。A说“为了赢得战争试图从生物的角度改变飞行员”;B说“发展基因农业以满足食物的供应”;C说“杀掉他认为劣等的民族”，;D说“鼓励发展生物武器”，所以C是答案。
5.A.该题问“Jeremy Rifkin和 Ted Howard的话暗示了什么?”。一看“imply/暗示”这个词，我们应该首先明白答案一定不是文章中明明白白写出的句子，而换句话说文章中明明白白写出的句子一定不是答案。选定Jeremy Rifkin和 Ted Howard这两个专有名词为答案线索词。于是我们在最后一段的第2句中找到答案相关句。该句说“如…一样，大规模的基因工程有可能引入美国。”，而备选答案项中A说“基因工程的商业用途是不可避免的”，与原文中相关句的说法相符;而B和C都没有涉及到基因--文章的说明对象，所以不可能是答案，而D说“每个新的基因发展的潜在用途都应该受到控制”，可见D的说法太绝对，所以应该不对，所以答案是A。
.第2篇
Male and Female pilots cause accidents differently
Male pilots flying general aviation。(private)aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision.making.while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft.These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved.“Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths’in the United States.The crash rate for male pilots.as for motor vehicle drivers，exceeds that of crashes of female pilots，”explains Susan P.Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health.“Because pilot youth and inexperience are established。contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots，to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.
The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety.The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997，involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40--63.Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a l：2 ratio，by age，classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash，and year of crash.Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.
The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common
circumstance for both sexes，leading to 59 percent of female pilots’crashes and 36 percent of males’.Experiencing mechanical failure，running out of fuel，and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males，while stalling was more likely with females.
The majority of the crashes——95 percent for females and 88 percent for males——involved at least one type of pilot error.Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females(accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)than males (accounting for 48 percent).Males，however，appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making，risk-taking，and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect.Females，though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft，were generally more careful than their male counterparts.
词汇：
inattention/n.疏忽
aviation/n.航空
flawed/adj.有缺陷的
mishandle/v.瞎弄，乱处理
MPH(Master of Public Health)公共卫生硕士
gender/n.性，性别
runout耗尽，用完
stalll/v.(飞机)失速，(发动机)熄火
kinetics /n.动力学
练习：
1. What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?
A)Causes of aircraft crash.
B)Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.
C)Causes of mishandling aircraft.
D)Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States.
2.Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?
A)Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source of aviation accidents in the United States.
B)Male pilots，like male vehicle drivers，are more likely to have accidents than female pilots.
C)It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.
D)Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash.
3.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A)They studied the findings of several previous research projects.
B)They conduced a questionnaire with 411 pilots.
C)They collected data from the database at the Johns Hopkins University
D)They analyzed the circumstances of the crashes involved.
.4.What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?
A)Mechanical failure and running out of fuel.
B)Loss of control On landing or takeoff and stalling.
C)Loss of control on landing or takeoff and running out of fuel.
D)Stalling and landing with the gear up.
5.In the comparison of female and male pilots，
A)female pilots are found to be more courageous and risk·taking.
B)male pilots are found to be more professional and attentive.
C)female pilots are found to make more errors out of carelessness
D)male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making.
标准答案：B,D,A,B,D
解析：1. B 文章的题目点出了主题，即飞行员性别的不同造成不同类型的飞行事故。
2. D A是正确的，因为85%的飞行事故死亡人数是专用航空造成的。B是第二段第三句所表达的意思，C是第二段最后一句的原因状语从句的意思。D是正确选项，因为第二段最后一句的意思是，研究人员为确定性别和坠机原因的关系，将主要研究对象设定为40~63岁的熟练飞行员。
3. A 答案可在第三段第一句中找到。
4. B 第四段的第二句表明，除stalling以外，其他情况均是男性飞行驾驶员常出现的问题。
5. D 答案可在文章最后两句中找到。判断错误、冒险和疏忽大意(poor decision-making，risk-taking，inattentiveness)是男性飞行员的特征，女性飞行员经常犯的飞行错误是操作失当(mishandle Or lose control of the aircraft)，但比男性同行来得谨慎(careful)。
第3篇
Can buildings be designed to resist terrorist attack
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers
are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable：Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers，structural engineers from the
University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
(MCEER)headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the
National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit.They spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing.
‘‘Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing，but that sustained damage,”said M.Bruneau，Ph.D.“Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing，while our long—term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks.”he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental
damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing，but was badly damaged.“This building is man meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of mat building.”explained A.Whittaker, Ph.D.“The column became a missile that shot across the road，through the window and through the floor.
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises，according to the engineers.For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged，allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact.“Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple，but robust strategy for blast resistance，”he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load—bearing column fails.“We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse.”said A.Whittaker.“We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.”
A.Reinhorn， Ph.D.noted that“earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces，dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake—resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist—resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.’’
.词汇：
aftermath/n.后果，结果
withstand/v.经受住
inflict/ v.使遭受，施加
reconnaissance/n.勘察;侦察警
in the vicinity附近
debris/n.碎片
intact/adj.未受损伤的，完整无缺的
ductile/adj.可伸展的，易变形的
练习：
1.The question raised in the first paragraph is one
A)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.
B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.
C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.
D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to.
2.The project funded by the National Science Foundation
A)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.
B)took about two days to complete.
C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.
D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.
3.The column mentioned by Dr.Whittaker
A)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.
B)was part of the World Trade Center.
C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.
D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center.
4.A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that
A)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.
B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.
C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.
D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.
5.What Dr.Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that
A)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.
B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistant design.
C)solutions developed for earthquake—resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant design.
D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.
.标准答案：C,D,B,B,D
解析：1. C 建筑设计是否能使建筑具有抵御恐怖袭击的性能，是一个月前世界贸易中心受到袭击之前人们从未想过的一个问题。这是第一段的主要内容。所以，只有C是正确答案。
2.D A不是正确选项，因为文章没有提及谁首先提出这个项目。B或C都不是文章所述的内容。答案可以在第三段中找到。
3.B 有关本题的句子是第四段的第三句：“This building is many meters away from the
World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building这里的this building指的是the building many meters away from the World Trade Center,而
that building指的是World Trade Center。
4.B 选项A不是正确答案，因为文章说，the floor framing systems in one of the adjacent buildings….remain intact.C不是文章表达内容。D在文中提到，但不是a surprising
discovery。只有B是正确答案。
5 D 选项A的内容是正确的，根据是本段最后一句(“…develop new ones”)。选项B和
C的内容也是正确的，根据是本段最后两句(关键 第五部分：补全短文(每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
Why do people shrink?
Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It's about a wacky dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! ____1____.
For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking can't be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. ___2___.
There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. ___3___. But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. ___4___. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people --especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with -- are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.
Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though. ___5___.
A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again.
C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.
D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.
E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.
F. But why does shrinking happen at all?
标准答案：E,F,A,C,B
解 析：1. E. 分析：段落中句意的特点：空格前面的内容讲述电影情节，所以E的出现就很自然了。在用词上kids连续使用(呼应)
2. F. 分析：在段落中利用核心结构进行跳读，发现空格前句说“。。尽管人们能做一些事情来阻止“缩小”或减缓“缩小””，比较备选项，发现F合适：F提出问题来总结该段，引起下文。
3. A. 分析： 空格前面具体讲述“地球引力对人体骨架的影响”，接着继续谈到“这种影响最终的结果”是很自然的。在用词呼应上：one another与A中的they 呼应。
4. C. 分析：空格前后句中都在提到“bone”或与“bone”相关的内容，所以C出现的可能性最大。
5. B.分析：作为文章的最后一句，该句往往具有总结性。对比剩下的选项，不难发现B合适：在句意上(好好休息一晚上后，你恢复了体力，站起来时就会还象以前那么高)解释前句句意“尽管这样，也不用担心”
词是applicable和transfer)只有D是答案，因为Reinhorn没有说：Blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science。
.