一、单选题:
1、 第一部分：词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
A) obvious B) aware
C) average D) dim
标准答案：a
2、 The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanished altogether.
A) developed B) disappeared
C) linked D) combined
标准答案：b
3、 All the people assembled at Mary's house.
A) attracted B)resembled
C) gathered D)charged
标准答案：c
4、 The government is debating the education laws.
A) discussing B) defeating
C) delaying D) declining
标准答案：a
5、 Write your name, address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page.
A) empty B) boring
C) limited D) narrow
标准答案：a
6、 The work is not completed yet.
A) composed B) finished
C) gained D) handled
标准答案：b
7、 He inspected the car before he bought it.
A) invested B) managed
C) maintained D) examined
标准答案：d
8、 Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?
A) connect B) consult
C) phone D) visit
标准答案：c
9、 I have reserved a room for you at the hotel.
A) preserved B) booked
C) discovered D) accepted
标准答案：b
.10、 Not everyone can perceive the gradual change in the writer’s style.
A) appreciate B) notice
C) describe D) recover
标准答案：b
11、 The weather is mild today;it is neither hot nor cold.
A) shy B) warm
C) gentle D) sweet
标准答案：c
12、 It took me exactly a week to complete the work.
A) do B) achieve
C) improve D) finish
标准答案：d
13、 We insist on self-reliance.
A)control B) demand
C) repeat D) lack
标准答案：b
14、 We’ll give every teacher space to develop.
A) chance B) employment
C) room D) opportunity
标准答案：c
15、 He presented a new approach.
A) triumph B) movement
C) response D) method
标准答案：d
二、匹配题:
16、 第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Job or money ?
Would you quit your job if you didn’t need the money? In a 1990 poll by the Gallop Organization, many people said quitting work was an important reason to be rich. Yet researchers find that work is one of life’s chief satisfactions for people.
Consider W.Berry Fowler. In 1979, Fowler started a tutoring company that became so successful he was able to sell out and retire in 1978 – a multimillionaire at 40. He bought a 50-foot cabin cruiser(可住宿的游艇) and a house in Hawaii, and busied himself vacationing.
But after five years of perpetual vacation, Flower began to miss the challenges of work. So in 1992, he bought a fitness chain for children and now spends 75 hours a week immersed in balance sheets and staff meetings. “My best days on the golf course weren’t half as much fun as a good day at the office, ”he says.
A job, studies show, is more than a paycheck. Doing something well can increase confidence and self-worth. When sociologist H. Ray Kaplan surveyed 139 lottery(彩票) millionaires, he discovered 60 percent continued working at least a year after they’d won.
If jobs are so important, wouldn’t salary size be a gauge(标准尺) of job satisfaction? Americans think so. A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc., found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income. Yet studies show that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control they are able to exert. Work that doesn’t engage a person will never seem rewarding, no matter how lucative(有理可图的) it becomes.
.1.The Gallop poll shows many people want to be rich in order not to work.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Some researchers did another survey after the Gallop poll.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Berry Fowler was no longer busy after he retied.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. According to Berry Fowler, his pastime wasn’t as funny as working at office.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：A,C,B,A
解 析：1. A. 利用问题句中的特征词“The Gallop poll”作为答案线索， 在第1段第2句中找到答案相关句， 该句说“Gallop 组织在1990年进行的调查发现， 许多人说变得富有的一个重要的原因就是不用工作”，该句内容与问题句内容一致。
2. C. 利用问题句中的特征词“The Gallop poll”作为答案线索，发现The Gallop poll所在的答案相关句(第1段第2句)及周边的语句中都没有提到是否“一些研究者在Gallop的调查之后又进行了另一次调查”， 因此问题句的信息在文章中没有出现。
3. B. 利用问题句中的特征词“Berry Fowler”作为答案线索， 在第2段中找到答案相关句“He(指Berry Fowler) bought a 50-foot cabin cruiser(可住宿的游艇) and a house in Hawaii, and busied himself vacationing”。 该句说“Berry Fowler退休以后在夏威夷买了游艇和别墅， 整日忙于度假”， 因此Berry Fowler退休以后仍然很忙，因此问题句了提供错误信息。
4. A. 利用问题句中的特征词“Berry Fowler”和问题句中的修饰词“funny”作为答案线索, 在第3段中找到答案相关句：“My best days on the golf course weren’t half as much fun(与funny词义相关) as a good day at the office, ”he(指Berry Fowler) says.该句说“Berry Fowler说‘我在高尔夫球场上不及在在办公室里快乐’”， 因此该句内容与问题句内容一致， 因此问题句提供了正确信息。
17、 5. Work is important in that it offer pay, increase confidence and self-worth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Studies show that job satisfaction comes mainly from people’s income
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. The Roper Starch Worldwide survey found that most Americans find jobs of higher pay more satisfying.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：A,B,A
解 析：5. A. 利用问题句中的细节信息词“work, pay, confidence, self-worth”作为答案线索, 在第4段中找到答案相关句：A job(work的近义词), studies show, is more than a paycheck(pay的近义词. Doing something well can increase confidence and self-worth.答案相关句说“研究表明，工作不只提供工资， 很好地做好某件事情能增加自信和自我价值”，现在答案相关句与问题句(工作很重要， 因为工作能提供工资， 增加自信和自我价值)内容一致。
6. B. 利用问题句中的细节信息词“job satisfaction”作为答案线索, 在第5段中找到答案相关句：Yet studies show that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control they are able to exert.答案相关句说“然而研究表明对工作的满意度与其说是来自人们的收入，倒不如说是来自工作中的挑战和他们对工作的掌控能力”， 因此答案相关句的内容与问题句(研究表明工作满意度主要来自人们的收入)不一致。
7. A. 利用问题句中的特征结构“Roper Starch Worldwide”作为答案线索, 在第5段中找到答案相关句：A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc., found that almost 70 percent of the respondents(呼应前句中的Americans) said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income. 答案相关句说“Roper Starch Worldwide进行的调查发现70的美国人说如果他们的收入增加一倍的话，他们会更加高兴”， 该句内容与问题句内容一致。
.第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The making of a success story
1. IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural business man. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profs from selling matches, seeds and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business – IKEA.
2. IKEA’s name comes form Kamprads’initials(I.K.)and the place where he grew up (E and A ). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad’s wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices, including watches, pens and stockings.
3. IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. the furniture was all designed and made by manufactures near Kamprad’s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.
4. In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stress with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.
5. In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.
6. Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world’s richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retired from the day-today operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.
1. Paragraph 2 ____.
2. Paragraph 3 ____.
3. Paragraph 4 ____.
4. Paragraph 5 ____.
A. Ingvar Kamprad – a born businessman
B. Success brought by the introduction of showrooms
C. The origin of IKEA
D. Specialization in selling furniture
E. Flat packaging – a feature of IKEA
F. World-wide expansion of IKEA
标准答案：C,D,B,E
解 析：1. C. IKEA几乎贯穿全段出现， 因此为段落主题词。 短首句中就涉及到了主题词IKEA， 因此短首句可能是该段主题句。段首句说“宜家(IKEA)这个名字取自Kamprad全名的首字母(I.K.)和他成长的地名的缩写”， 该句内容正好于选项C(IKEA的起源)意义一致，因此C很可能是答案。该段后面部分的句子中涉及到对其最初情况的介绍， 由此进一步判断C是答案。
2. D. 段落中出现了明显的段落主题词(furniture/家具)-- 该词几乎贯穿整个段落出现，因此D(专门销售家具)是该段段落主题。从具体内容上看， 该段介绍了IKEA通过邮购的方式销售自己设计，自己制造的家具， 业绩喜人， 从而扩大生产线， 专门从事家具产销。
提示：
包含段落主题词，或含有与段落主题词相呼应的近义词，反义词或家族词汇的选项往往是段落主题句。
3.B. 该段由四个句子组成， 其中两个句子中都出现了“showroom/(商品样品的)陈列室”， 由此推测showroom 可能是该段主题词。 关注段落中涉及到showroom的句子“Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive”这两个句子说“首间宜家展厅的反响强烈， 因为人们十分乐意在购买之前能亲眼看到并试用这些家具， 而这导致销售额增加， 也使公司不断繁荣发展”。该句内容与选项B(引入展厅所带来的成功)意义一致， 由此判断选项B是该段主题。
提示：
小标题被选项中的特征词或细节信息词通常应该直接出现在段落中， 并且成为段落主题词。
.4.E. 在该段中“flat packaging/平板式包装”直接出现了2次，间接出现了两次: 第4句中的代词it 指代flat packaging，第6句中的this也指代flat packaging， 因此判断flat packaging 是该段主题词， 因此E(宜家的特色之一 --- 平板式包装)是答案。从内容上看， 该段提到Kamprad从看别人在拆卸家具得到启发，于是试行销售平板式包装的家具， 既利己又利人，并使自己动手， 自给自足成为IKEA的一个特色。
19、 5. Even when he was only a child, ____.
6. ____, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.
7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’s showrooms because ____.
8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, ____.
A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.
B. it is highly welcomed by both
C. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.
D. he lives happily in retirement
E. Here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.
F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself
标准答案：C,A,E,B
本题分数： 5.41 分，你答题的情况为 错误 所以你的得分为 .00 分
解 析：5. C. 根据问题句中的时间状语从句的内容(甚至当他只是一个孩子的时候)可知问题句主要讲述Ingvar小时候的事情，文章的第一段提到“他从小就会做买卖”。
(第一段)IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer(零售商), and the man behind(在...之后) it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of(...之一) the world’s most successful(最成功的)entrepreneurs(企业家). Born in Sweden(瑞典) in 1926, Kamprad was a natural(天生的， 自然的) business man(商人). As(作为) a child, he enjoyed(喜欢) selling(卖) things(东西) and made small profits (赚取一些小利)from selling matches(火柴), seeds(种子) and pencils(铅笔) in his community(社区， 社会).
6.A. 问题句所在的后半句说“几年以后才变成一家专营家具的公司”，由此推断前半句肯定要提到一家公司的名称，因此A(IKEA最初只是一家小商店， 销售各种便宜的东西)答案。
提示：
有时可以直接通过空格前面/后面句子的内容直接根据完整句意的需要直接判断答案。
7.E.问题句的前半句说“顾客喜欢IKEA的展厅”，空格出需要填出顾客喜欢的原因。利用问题句前半句中的细节信息词showroom作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句：“Thus(因此) response to(对...的反应) the first showroom was overwhelming(无法抗拒的，压倒多数的): people loved(喜欢) being able to(能够) see and try(试， 尝试) the furniture before buying(买) it.”该句说“首间宜家展厅受到了空前的反应效果， 因为人们十分乐意在购买之前能亲眼看到并试用这些家具”， 由此判断E(在这里他们能亲眼看见并且还能试用他们将要购买的家具)。
8.B. 问题句的前半句解释了原因：平板包装为双方都省钱，因此空格处需要填入有关结果方面的内容， 因此B(受到双方的欢迎)是答案。
第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
Eat Healthy
“Clean your plate and!” “Be a member of the clean-plate club!” Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent.often，its accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those Starving orphans in Africa!”Sare，we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3.Instead of staying “clean the plate”， perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports，US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government，according to a USA Today story4.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls，a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion Sizes began to grow in the 1970s，the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now, apparently, some customers are Calling for this too.The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion;20 percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can′t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions;but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller.
It′s not that working class Americans don′t want to eat healthy.It′s just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.They live from paycheck to paycheck，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.
.1.Parents in the United States tend to ask their children ____.
A)to save food.
B)to wash the dishes.
C)not to waste food.
D)not to eat too much.
2.Why do American restaurants serve large portions?
A)Because、Americans associate quantity with value.
B)Because Americans have big bellies.
C)Because Americans are good eaters.
D)Because Americans are greedy.
3.What happened in the 1970s?
A)The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.
B)Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.
C)The United States produced more grain than needed.
D)The American waistline started to expand.
4.What does the survey indicate?
A)Many poor Americans want large portions.
B)Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.
C)Fifty seven percent Americans earn $1 50,000 per year.
D)Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.
5.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?
A)They work long hours.
B)They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C)They don't want to be healthy eaters.
D)They want to save money for their children.
标准答案：C,A,D,A,C
解 析：1.C. 问题问“美国父母往往让他们的孩子...”。该题可以借助文章主题及被选项直接的关系之间判断答案。 也可以在文章中查找相关信息判断答案：首先关注文章开头的语句。 利用问题句中的细节信息词parents(父母)和children(孩子)， 特征词the United States共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找到答案相关句：(第一段) “Clean (打扫)your plate!”and “Be(成为/become) a member(成员) of the clean-plate(清盘) club(俱乐部)!”Just about(几乎) every kid (children的近义词)in the US has heard(曾经提到过) this from a parent or grandparent(祖父母). 答案相关句(划线句)说“几乎每个美国孩子都会听到他们的父母或祖父母说这么一番话语”。答案相关句中的代词this指代前句中提到“把你的盘子打扫干净!”， “要成为清盘俱乐部的成员!”，再参考下文内容： Often it’s accompanied by (被陪伴)an appeal(请求): “Just think about (考虑)those starving(快要饿死的) orphans(孤儿) in Africa(非洲)!”该句说“父母或祖父母还经常会加上一句恳求的话语： 想想那些饥饿的非洲孤儿吧!” 我们知道“非洲的孩子没有足够的食物”， 因此从“想想那些饥饿的非洲孤儿吧!”中可以推断出 ：如果你们不清盘，-- 不吃完餐盘里的食物，把食物浪费掉 你们怎么对得起非洲那些没有食物的孩子们呢?因此前文中提到的“把盘子打扫干净” 是指“把盘子里的食物都吃光”， 因此C(不浪费食物)是答案。
2. A. 问题问“美国饭馆为什么饭菜给得多?”利用问题句中的细节信息词American restaurants(美国饭馆)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找到答案相关句：(第2段)According to(根据) news reports(报告), US restaurants are partly(部分) to blame for(对...负责) the growing(成长的) bellies(出现在B中). A waiter(服务员) puts a plate(餐盘) of food in front of (在...的前面)each customer(顾客), with two or four times(倍，次数) the amount recommended by the government(被政府推荐的), according to (根据)a USA Today (《今日美国》)story(报道， 故事). 看Americans traditionally(传统上) associate quantity(数量)(出现在A中) with value(价值)(出现在A中)and most restaurants try to give them that。 They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
.第一个答案相关句(划线句)说“根据新闻报道， 美国餐馆应该为美国人日益增大的肚腩负一部分责任”， 该句内容没有回答问题句提出的问题， 因此关注第2个答案相关句(划线句)， 该句说“美国人习惯认为量和质是紧密相关的， 这属于他们的文化传统相关。 大多数的餐馆试图给他们那个”， 该句中出现了需要确认指代内容的两个代词：them和that。 根据代词前指的特征，不难看出them指句子前面部分提到的“Americans/美国人”， that指代前一句提到的two or four times the amount recommended by the government(超过政府推荐数量的2倍到4倍的食物)。 由此不难看出第2个答案相关句中的两个并列分句之间存在明显的因果关系：因为美国人习惯认为量和质是紧密相关的， 所以大多数美国餐厅提供给顾客的食物都超量。因此选项A是答案。
3.D.问题问“二十世纪七十年代发生了什么?”利用问题句中的特征词1970s作为答案线索， 在文章第3段中找到答案相关句 “Clean your plate and!” “Be a member of the
According to news reports，US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government，according to a USA Today story4.(第2题答案相关句)Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls，a nutrition(营养学) professor(教授) at Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州大学), told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes(尺寸， 大小) began to (开始)grow(增长， 增加) in the 1970s，the same time that the American waistline (选项D中的细节信息词)began to expand(扩大).
答案相关句说“一位滨洲大学营养学教授Barbara Rolls告诉《今日美国》二十世纪七十年代饭馆给的饭菜量开始增加，与此同时，美国人的腰围也开始增大”， 因此选项D正确。
4.A.问题问“调查报告说明了什么?”利用问题句中的核心词survey作为答案线索， 被选项中出现了大量可以用作答案线索的结构: A: many poor Americans, B: twenty percent Americans, C: fifty percent Americans, $ 150,000， D：twenty three percent Americans, $ 25,000，利用这些结构共同作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句(在第4段)
(第3题的答案相关句) Barbara Rolls，a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion Sizes began to grow in the 1970s，the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed(被调查的) (问题句中的线索词)believe(相信) restaurants serve(提供) portions that are too large(大的);23 percent had no opinion(意见， 主张);20 percent disagreed(不同意).But a closer(更靠近的，更仔细的) look at the survey (问题句中的线索词) indicates(显示) that many Americans who can′t afford(买不得起...) fine (精美的)dining (食物， 吃饭)still prefer(更喜欢) large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions;but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller.
选项A (许多美国穷人希望食物量大)是答案， 选项A与第4段中的句子意义一致：But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining (与many poor Americans呼应)still prefer large portions(但是如果再仔细看看调查结果， 你就会发现很多买不起精美菜肴的美国人还是喜欢大分量的食物).
5.C. 问题问“下面哪种说法不符合美国工人的实际情况?”利用问题句中的细节信息结构working class Americans(美国工人)作为答案线索，同时利用被选项中的黑体结构(洗洁信息结构)共同作为答案线索， 在最后一段的第一句中找到答案相关句，
It′s not that(不是...) working class Americans don′t want to eat healthy.It′s just that，after long hours (选项A中的线索结构)at low-paying jobs(与选项A内容一致)，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck(选项B中的线索结构)(与选项B内容一致)，happy(高兴的) to save(存储) a little money (选项D中的线索结构)for next year(下一年)'s Christmas(圣诞节) presents(礼物).
最后一段的第一句说“美国工人并不是不愿意拥有健康的饮食”， 因此C(他们不想拥有健康的饮食)是答案。
第2篇
The only way is up
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cites, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift – or elecator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them before selling the idea to architects and builders.
.A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would juts be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to the that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us – and you just can’t choose to move away.”says workplace psychologist, Gray Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
Don’t worry about them. They are probably from a university.
1. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that ___.
A) are worried about their past.
B) Have a glorious past to be proud of.
C) Want to maintain their traditional image.
D) Are very interested in their own history.
2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in ___.
A) the shortage of money
B) the lack of a device to carry people upward
C) the backward technology
D) mountains taking up land space
3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift, ___.
A) he sold it to the architects and builders immediately
B) The Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.
C) It was accepted favorably by the public.
D) Most people had doubt about its safety.
4. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?
A) Fascinating
B) Uninteresting
C) Frightening
D) Exciting
5. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behavior because ___.
A) here humans behave the way animals do
B) people in a lift are all scared
C) here some people take noted
D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks
标准答案：C,B,D,B,D
解 析：1. C. 细节题。 问题问“第一段中提到的‘这些是关注过去的城市’指的是什么城市? ”。 首先找到出现在问题句引号中的这个句子：
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true(真实的， 忠诚的) that some cities don’t permit(允许) buildings(建筑物) to go above(超出， 在...之上) a certain(一定的) height(高度).But these some cities are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell(告诉) the world(世界) that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
从以上的答案相关句可知关注过去的城市不允许建筑物超出一定得高度， 由此可以推断出这样的城市希望保持其传统的城市形象。
.2.B. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征结构the 19th century作为答案线索，同时利用被选项中出现的细节信息结构(A：money, C: backward technology, D: mountains)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找：
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven.(第一题答案相关句) It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cites, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means(意味着) building(修建) upwards(向上).
The technology existed(存在) to do this as early as(早在...) the 19th century. But the height(高度， 海拔) of buildings was limited by(被...限制) one important (重要的)factor(因素). They had to be small(小的) enough(足够) for people on the top floors(顶层) to climb(爬， 攀登) stairs(楼梯). People could not be expected(被期望) to climb a mountain at the end of (在...结束的时候)their journey(旅程) to work, or home.
第3段中的答案相关句说：早在19世纪建造高楼的技术已经存在，限制楼高的因素只有一个，那就是人们下班后不想像爬山那样去爬楼梯， 这说明当时还没有找到把人送往高处的办法。
3.D. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词Otis及被选项中的细节信息词及特征词(A：architects, builders; B: Egyptians, Pyramids)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第2题答案相关句)The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought(带来， 引起) us the lift – or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley(滑轮) system(系统) the Egyptians used to create(创造， 造成) the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he(指代Otis) spent(花(时间，金钱)) a number of(大量的) years exhibiting(展出) lifts at fairgrounds(露天市场， 游乐场), giving people the chance(机会) to try them before selling(卖) the idea to architects (建造师)and builders(营造商).
答案相关句说：Otis在游乐场里让大家试乘了几年后才把这个想法出售给建筑师和营运商。这说明刚开始人们还是对电梯的安全性心存顾虑。
4.B. 细节题。 顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句：
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift – or elecator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.(第3题答案相关句) In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such(如此的) an everyday(日常的，平常的) thing that it would just(仅仅，非常， 恰好) be boring(令人感到厌倦的). Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to the that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
答案相关句说“乘电梯也成了再普遍不过的事情， 以至于乘坐电梯也变得有些令人感到厌倦”。
5. D. 细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词(psychologists, human behavior)及备选项中的细节信息共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.(第4题答案相关句)Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would juts be boring. Yet (然而)psychologists and others who study human behavior find(发现) lifts fascinating(迷人的) . The reason is simple(简单的). Scientists have always studied animals in zoos(动物园). The nearest they can get to(开始， 到达) that with humans is in observing(观察， 遵守) them in lifts.
“It breaks(打破) all the usual(通常的) conventions(规定，习俗) about the bubble (幻想)of personal space we carry(携带)around with us – and you just can’t choose to(决定) move away(离开). ”says workplace(工作场所) psychologist, Gray Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
答案相关句说：人们想要享有私人空间的要求在电梯里成了幻想，这为心理学家提供了一个研究在这种情况下人的行为的难得的机会。
第3篇
Brazil, a success at reducing population growth
Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better result without really trying, says Georgy Martine at Harvard.
Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas(通俗电视连续剧) and installment(分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Global, Brazil’s most popular television network shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soap operas are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
“Although they have never really tried to work in a massage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values – not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working, says Martine.”They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”
Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor the become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible(不相容的)with unlimited reproduction.”says Martine.
.1. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ___.
A) by educating its citizens
B)by careful family plan
C)by developing TV programs
D) by chance
1.According to the passage, many Third World countries ___.
A) haven’t attached much importance to birth control
B) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate.
C) haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population
D) neglected the role of TV played in family planning
2.The phrase “put it down to”(Line 1, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to ___.
attributes it to
sumps it up as
finds it a reason for
compares it to
3.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because ___.
they keep people sitting long hours watching TV
they have gradually changes people’s way of life
people are drawn to their attractive package
they popularize birth control measures
4.What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?
the increase in birth rate will promote consumption
the desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate
consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.
A country’s production is limited by its population growth
标准答案：D,C,A,B,B
解 析：1.D. 问题句说“根据文章的说法，巴西通过...减少人口增长? ”， 问题句中没有特征词以及细节信息词出现， 因此利用问题句中的核心词语(Brazil, population growth, cut back)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：“Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing (与“cut back”词义相近)population growth but more by accident than design.”该句说“巴西的人口增长得了控制，这纯粹是出于偶然， 而不是由于巴西的精心设计”。 by accident与by chance同义。
2. C. 问题句说“根据文章相关内容， 许多第三世界国家...”， 从句意来看，该问题与文章中具体细节相关， 属于细节题。利用问题句中的特征词Third World countries作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better result without really trying, says Georgy Martine at Harvard.
Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
答案相关句(划线句)说“Martine说这个数字在1990以后进一步下降， 这是一个许多第三世界国家都感到嫉妒的成绩”， 显然这个句子与问题与被选项都没有直接的关系。文章第一段中出现了“countries such as India”(与“Third World countries/第三世界国家”呼应)， 该句说“第三四节国家作了很大的努力， 但成绩却不如没做什么努力的巴西”， 由此可推断出“许多第三世界国家还没有找到有效的手段来控制人口增长”。
3.A. 本题测试点：词义推断题。 根据“put it down to”所在的上下文判断： it指代“巴西在控制人口方面所取得的骄人成绩”， 下文中提到“电视剧，分期付款在控制人口出生率上起着重要的作用”， 因此只有选项A(归因于)放入原文才句意通顺。
.