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非谓语动词
动名词
1.定义:动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing
2.动能:
动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。
1.作主语
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。
e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。
2.作表语
e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。
3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。
e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?
4.作定语
e.g·These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。
3.考点:
动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。
4.与分词的区别:定语
现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。
I,d like to buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。
小结:动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。
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5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.动名词的习惯用法:
be busy/active doinz sth.
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.
It's no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth
不定式
1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:
To go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。
2.跟在名词后面作定语,如:
the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second...1ast)people to speak第一个(第2个,…最后一个)发育的人
3.跟在be动词的后面作表语,如:( 职称英语考试网 www.yingyukaoshi.com )
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。
4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语
I enjoy talking to you.(宾语)能和你谈话我真高兴。
They dont permit smoking(宾语)in the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。
5.对宾语的性质,特征等进行补充说明,作宾语补足语,如:
We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一(宾语补足语)我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。
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在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语:
have(let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe)sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.
6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如:
He spent much time on his studies to be a top student.一(目的状语)为了成为班上的优等生,他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends had left.(结果状语)他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。
7.作为主语补足语,补充说明主语的性质,特征等,如:
He is supposed to come here(主语补足语)tomorrow.他应该明天到这里。
He is said to have great talent for art.(主语补足语)据说他在艺术方面很有才华。
8.常接不定式作宾语的动词:
agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,,plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish
9.不定式的习惯用法:
句型:cannot choose but docanl help but
can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do
might as wellwould rather
难点解析
1.接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词:
fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)
mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事)
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fforget to do忘记(要做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)
forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember doing记得(已做过的事)
regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾go on to do继而(做另一件事)
regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔go on doing继续(做原来的事)
fstop to do停下来去做另一件事
stop doing停止正在做的事
2.下列动词短语中的to是介词,后面应接动名词或名词:
object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be ex.
posed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to.be contrary to
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